1/1/2024 0 Comments Si element silicon useMetrologia 40:366īecker P, Bettin H (2011) The Avogadro constant: determining the number of atoms in a single-crystal 28Si sphere. Rep Prog Phys 64:1945īecker P (2003) Tracing the definition of the kilogram to the Avogadro constant using a silicon single crystal. Metrologia 54:693īecker P (2001) History and progress in the accurate determination of the Avogadro constant. Metrologia 52:360īartl G et al (2017) A new 28Si single crystal: counting the atoms for the new kilogram definition. Metrologia 48:S1Īzuma Y et al (2015) Improved measurement results for the Avogadro constant using a 28Si-enriched crystal. Metrologia 54:599Īndreas B et al (2011) Counting the atoms in a 28Si crystal for a new kilogram definition. KeywordsĪbrosimov NV, Aref’ev DG, Becker P, Bettin H, Bulanov AD, Churbanov MF, Filimonov SV, Gavva VA, Godisov ON, Gusev AV, Kotereva TV, Nietzold D, Peters M, Potapov AM, Pohl H-J, Pramann A, Riemann H, Scheel P-T, Stosch R, Wundrack S, Zakel S (2017) A new generation of 99.999% enriched 28Si single crystals for the determination of Avogadro’s constant. Links of the amount-of-substance to other relevant amount- and mass-related quantities are outlined, and examples of use for the practical scientist are given. The aim of this chapter is to provide a state-of-the art and compact description of the mole, its history, changes, and the new definition. As a key experiment, the determination of the molar mass of silicon – for this purpose highly enriched in the isotope 28Si – with its successive improvements is reported. Starting with a historical survey, the realization and dissemination after the revision of the SI is explained with the X-ray crystal density (XRCD) method of the Avogadro project: “counting” silicon atoms in a 1 kg Si sphere. The number of entities in 1 mol is equal to the numerical value of the fixed Avogadro constant: 1 mol = 6.02214076 × 10 23 specified elementary entities. The mole (symbol: mol) – the unit of the amount of substance – was first realized and redefined with the Avogadro constant in the context of the revision of the base units of the International System of Units (SI) in 2019.
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